Experimental Reasearch of a Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

Experimental Research of a Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

Abstract:
The research in this lab focuses on understanding diesel engine emissions formation during realistic transient operation. This is accomplished through use of highly dynamic hardware and software that is especially suited to transient measurements. A Simulink environment is used to construct virtual vehicles with definable powertrain characteristics. These high-fidelity vehicle dynamics models then run in real-time as the engine operates and are used to calculate engine loads and speeds during a prescribed driving cycle.

Background:
While current engine emissions models provide acceptable predictions at steady-state operation, they do not fully capture the emissions formation during realistic transient engine processes. To better understand the emissions that are formed as the engine operates in a vehicle, an engine-in-the-loop test cell has been developed. This allows the engine to be operated as though it is in an actual vehicle. Vehicle and driver parameters can be modified to investigate the emissions impact of driveline modifications and driver aggressiveness. The configuration, components selection and sizing, and control of hybrid powertrains can also be analyzed.

Researchers:
Ashwin Salvi
Zoran Filipi
Dennis Assanis

Sponsors:
Automotive Research Center (U.S. Army TACOM)

Goals of the work:

Quantify the impact of transients on emissions over a driving cycle
Characterize diesel emissions formation during realistic transients
Analyze engine systems operation to understand transient in-cylinder conditions
Suggest and implement alternative engine control strategies to mitigate transient emissions formation
Provide transient emissions data for development of more robust transient emissions models
Provide transient emissions understanding as an input to hybrid vehicle control strategy in order to avoid highly-pollutive transients

Engine Specifics:
Configuration: V-8 Diesel
Manufacturer: International Engine Corporation, Chicago, IL
Displacement: 6.0 L (365 CI)
Bore and Stroke: 95mm x 105 mm (3.74" x 4.134")
Compression Ratio: 18.0:1
Valve Configuration: 4 OHV/cylinder, 1 Cam-in-Block
Injection System: High-pressure oil system with electronically-actuated injectors
Aspiration: Variable-geometry turbocharger
Rated Power: 242 kW (325 hp) at 3300 RPM
Peak Torque: 759 N-m (560 ft-lb) at 2000 RPM
Total Engine Weight: 438 kg (966 lb)
Coolant Flow: 282.8 L/min (74.7 gal/min) at 3300 RPM
Air Flow: 20.7 m3/min (732 CFM) at 3300 RPM
Exhaust Flow: 42.4 m3/min (1499 CFM) at 3300 RPM
Oil Flow: 70 L/min (18.5 GPM) at 3300 RPM

Data Acquisition:
Low Speed: AVL PUMA Open
Channels: 64
Sampling Frequency: 1-100 Hz

High Speed: Indimaster 671 Advanced
Channels: 12
Sampling Frequency: 1 Hz-100 kHz

Test Cell Specifics:
Dynamometer: AVL APA Series 100
Absorbing Rating: Constant Torque at 1400 N-m (1033 ft-lb) to 2250 RPM
Constant Power at 330 kW (442.5 hp) to 4500 RPM
Motoring Rating: Constant Torque at 1273 N-m (939 ft-lb) to 2250 RPM
Constant Power at 300 kW (402.3 hp) to 4500 RPM
Maximum Speed: 8000 rpm
Moment of Inertia: 2.8 kg-m2
Torque Response (0-100%): 5 ms
Torque Reversal (-100% to +100%): 10 ms

Emissions Analysis:
Bench: AVL CEB-II System
Analyzers: NO, NOx O2, CO, CO2, EGR CO2, HC
Particlates: Cambustion Fast Particluate Spectometer
Cambustion 500CLD Fast NOx Analyzer
Cambustion NDIR500 Fast CO and CO2 Analyzer