To create metallic scaffolds or microlattices with sub-millimeter strut architectures, we develop a new method, Extrusion 3D-Printing, consisting of two simple steps. First, metal oxide particle suspensions (inks) are extruded, in air and at ambient temperature, into linear struts creating self-supporting lattices. Second, the oxides are hydrogen-reduced to metal and sintered into dense metallic microlattices.

Fluid flows often exhibit chaotic or turbulent dynamics and require a large number of degrees of freedom for accurate simulation. Nevertheless, because of the fast damping of small scales by viscosity, these flows can in principle be characterized with a much smaller number of dimensions, as their long-time dynamics relax in state space to a finite-dimensional invariant manifold.